The United Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA)

The United Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA) was founded by Marcus Garvey in 1914. UNIA was a Black nationalist organization that centered “racial pride, economic self-sufficiency, and the formation of an independent Black nation in Africa,” according to the website for the PBS documentary series American Experience. By 1920, there were “nearly a thousand local divisions of the UNIA in the United States, the Caribbean, Central America, Canada, and Africa.”