Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female, by Frances M. Beal

Francis M. Beal wrote this pamphlet in 1969 to examine how Black women experience racism and sexism simultaneously. Beal discusses a variety of topics, including the forced sterilization (“surgical genocide”) of Black people and capitalism’s role in damaging the relationship between Black men and women. Beal calls for solidarity between the women’s liberation movement and the Black liberation movement, and states that both must be anti-capitalist and anti-imperialist.